Modern finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Modern finance - Essay Example (Campbell, 2008). Apparently, the current crisis may be attributed to the subprime lending made by the different financial institutions. However, at the core of it is a whole plethora of different variables which are not only correlated with each other but also created a combined effect on different macroeconomic variables too. The failure of financial institutions to regularly check in their appetite for taking more risk not only resulted into the current credit crunch but also indicated the degree of the regulatory control over such institutions to discipline their behavior. Northern Rock is such a financial institution in UK which required intervention from the government because of its apparent failure to sustain the losses incurred due to subprime mortgage episode. In this research study, the current credit crunch will be discussed with special focus on Northern Rock as a firm requiring official intervention. The credit crunch started to emerge during 2007 when in US, especially financial institutions started to witness defaults on payments of subprime mortgages. Subprime borrowers are termed as those borrowers are who have relatively high risk due to their past credit history. Therefore, under normal banking rules and practices, lending to such borrowers are riskier as in comparison to other borrowers. It is because of this reason that such borrowers are categorized as subprime and are charged relatively higher rates on the lending made to them. Historically, banks were more conservative in their lending practices and avoided to lend to such borrowers who lacked the capability to repay. However, with the innovation in the financial markets corroborated by liberalization of financial markets allowed financial institutions to innovate and roll out products which carried relatively high risk. This phenomenon was further aggravated with the globalization of the financial markets

Superhero Morality Essay Example for Free

Superhero Morality Essay ?I intend to prove that superheroes are not immoral for not abiding by the law. I am defining immorality as going against was is accepted as good behavior. Superheroes are very simply people who defend and protect those in need with their extraordinary abilities. Superman, Batman, the Flash, Ironman, Captain America, Thor and many others have graced us with their entertainment in movies, comic-books, and television shows. Their purpose is to save mankind in ways that â€Å"ordinary† people can’t. Superheros are not ordinary so they should not have to abide by laws that ordinary people put into place. People are not supposed to go out and take the law into their own hands. Essentially that makes them criminals. But let me ask a question. If somebody has a broken arm and can’t open a door isn’t it your moral obligation to open the door for them if you can? The same thing applies to superheroes, when the law is incapable of stopping people that are hurting people who are unable to defend themselves and the superheroes can, isn’t it their responsibility to stop them? As Peter Parker’s Uncle Ben said â€Å"With great power, comes great responsibility. † Take Batman in the series the Dark Knight. For years gangs ran the city with the law being incapable of doing anything because everyone was afraid of testifying against the gangs. People were being killed, stores were being robbed, children were being forced to watch their parents die. Enforcers of the law were in the pockets of these criminals. Crime ran the city, until one citizen decided to do something about it, Bruce Wayne. Now Bruce was not a cop, he technically had no authority to go about eliminating crime lords but the people with the authority to take out the crime lords were incapable of doing it because of the law itself. Law is supposed to help keep order in the world, but in Gotham it was keeping the crime in order. So Batman rose. Superheroes are the only ones that can standup and make a change when the law is ultimately hurting the people it was designed to protect even if it is technically breaking the law. Some disagree with superheroes being exempt from the law. Especially in a land of democracy superheroes should be on the same ground as â€Å"ordinary people†. Saying that superheroes don’t have to abide by the law is welcoming chaos. If they can do it, why can’t ordinary people? Since Superman can fly into a hostage situation why can’t an ordinary man like John? John might think that he has the ability to negotiate or stealthily get the people out of the dangerous situation because he negotiates for his job or sneaks out of his house a lot to see his mistress without his wife ever knowing. He has a special skill set that someone on the police force might not have. Using the logic of â€Å"if you can do it you should do it† it would be John’s responsibility to go into that hostage situation to save those people. Saying that it’s okay for superheroes is hypocritical because anyone can be a superhero. It would be different if we were saying that only people with abilities no one else can attain could be a superhero. Superman and Thor are perfect examples. Both of these superheroes attained their powers from their lineage. They can do what normal humans cannot. But superheroes like Ironman and Batman are ordinary people with rich banks. So saying they can take the law into their own hands is giving the okay for everyone to take the law into their own hands which ends in chaos. The law was put into place to give structure to a naturally chaotic world. Ultimately if there is chaos more bad behavior is going on than good behavior. More immoralities than moralities. Most laws punish what isn’t good behavior like killing, stealing, or forging which i bad behavior. Bad behavior is breaking rule, in this case a law. Those actions are immoral, so law is a good compass for what is moral and immoral. We cannot hold people who break these law accountable if the very same person that brought them in broke laws as well. That’s why warrants and other measures exist for the people that are trained to enforce the law. Using Okham’ razor it simple. People that break the law are criminals. Superheroes break the law. Superheroes are criminals. The issue with that argument is that superheroes are not normal people. They are different hence the â€Å"super† before the hero. If John the unfaithful husband that has a job in negotiation went into the hostage situation and succeeded in getting the people out he would be considered a hero not a superhero. Superheroes achieve what should be impossible. Batman and Ironman are a different type of superheroes but they are superheroes because of their gadgets and genius minds. The men themselves a Bruce Wayne and Tony Stark are not superheroes because they cannot achieve superhuman acts without their gadgets. If, a men, they were to save people they would be considered heroes. But when these men put on their suits and use their genius minds to power them they become superheroes. Because superheroes are not normal people they abide by different rules/laws. A sort of superheroes code. One for example is not killing. I can say this and be correct because law is not the decider of immorality. Stealing to feed ones family is a good behavior, the act is not immoral but the person can go to jail for it because stealing is against the law. Lying is immoral, but there is no law against lying. The reasons for laws is the prevent chaos, but the reason superheroes rise is because there is chaos. In the Justice League cartoon show Wonder woman left her homeland to stand beside the other members of the Justice League because the world was in turmoil. If the law was doing what it was supposed to do, preventing chaos, superheroes wouldn’t need to exist. But the law fails at doing that, which is why superheroes have to step in. There I also an utilitarian view. Superheroes have a choice. Either they follow the law perhaps letting innocent people die or be harmed because the law prevents them from stepping in which would most likely hurt many or they step in and eliminate the issue which would probably only hurt a few (which would be the villains most likely). I have proven that superheroes are not immoral for not abiding by the law by explaining that superheroes are not normal people so the law applies to them in a different way. Superheroes have a responsibility to abide by their own moral compass and live up to the responsibility of their power. Normal people can be heroes but they have to abide by the law so chaos won’t arise. Superheroes rise because there is chaos that the law can’t control. And since immorality is being defined as going against what is being considered good behavior it immorality is relative not a law so the superheroes are moral however they choose to save people.

The Advantages Of Online Banner Advertising

The Advantages Of Online Banner Advertising INTRODUCTION E-commerce which is also known as electronic commerce, it is online commerce verses actual-world commerce. E-commerce contains retail shopping, investment, banking, stocks and bonds trading, sales, real estate dealings, airline reservation, movie payments. It is almost everything you can visualise in the real world. Even personal services such as hair salons can advantage from e-commerce by providing a website for the sale of connected wellbeing and attractiveness goods, usually accessible to local customers wholly. While e-commerce once required a luxurious interface and individual security certificate, this is no longer the situation. Virtual storefronts are offered by a diversity of hosting services and great Internet occurrences such as eBay and Yahoo, which offer turnkey solutions to sellers with slight or no online knowledge. Tools for running effective e-commerce websites are made into the hosting servers, removing the need for the individual trade to reform the wheel. These tools include advantages like inventory and sales logs, and the ability to accept a diversity of expense choices including secure credit card transactions. The rising popularity of e-commerce is clear considering the time and bother involved in running from store to store, penetrating for an item in the world. It not only takes valuable time and energy, but petrol. With todays busy cities and high gas charges, shopping online every time the mood strikes even in the middle of the night, it has indisputable and unassailable benefits. Not only is it suitable to shop at a countless of sellers from the comfort of your computer chair but its also a snap to find the best deal by allowing sites such as PriceGrabber examine through hundreds of vendors for you. As a result, global world businesses often cannot compete with their e-commerce complements, though one does have to watch for exaggerated shipping payments that might disprove savings. Type of Online Advertising Banner Advertising The first kind of advertising ever done on the net was banner advertising. A banner can highlight a companys product/service/offer and by clicking on it the user will be taken to that companys website, where the company can create a suitable landing page to provide their further information. Banners spaces usually were sold by banner views, impressions, but it is sometimes sold by click-thru, where the company pays only when the user clicks on the banner. To post a banner advertisement, the company can do either or all of the following: a) Banner exchange where another website displays the companys advertisement in exchange of the company displaying for them b) Pay publisher sites to post the companys banner c) Pay a banner network to post the banner advertisement on a number of publisher sites Advantages of Online Banner Advertising Get more website traffic and sales With banner advertisement, companies can put their message in front of future customers. It also drives clicks to their website and sales from interested audiences. Advertise new products Banner advertisements can help companies to advertise their new products because banner advertisements give them the freedom to say what they want not only with text but also photos and animation. Build brand Companys brand name is one of companys most important assets. By building trust with their customers, customers are more likely to purchase from them, not just once, but repeatedly. Banner advertisements allow them to get their website name and even their logo in front of their audience. Find new customers With search engine advertising, people have to know to look for the companies product or name. But with banner ads, companies can put their message right in front of the people. Introduce themselves to new customers to win new business. Easy and cost-effective Banner advertising has been put within reach of small businesses by new services. Online tools now let companies make free banner advertisements and buy online advertising space quickly and easily. Disadvantages of Online Banner Advertising Cost considerations Banner advertisements can be rather expensive for small businesses as it may cost several thousand dollars per month to put an advertisement on a site with a high level of traffic. Creating effective banners Even if a banner is well-placed, it will not attract the interest of surfers or generate traffic for the companies website unless it is well-designed. Suggestion for Improvement Size Some banner advertisement is too small to be noticed while some is too big causes the banner to look very disturbing. The size should be around medium size. Graphic Insert some graphic in the banner such as animation or cartoon characters might attract the viewers even more. Facebook Advertising Facebook Advertising has grown-up in popularity and formed quite a stir when it was head introduced. Ever since the arrival of aiming advertising more exactly towards demographics such as age, sex, education and so on. And having tighter limitations on advertising quality, Facebook advertising has been a feasible traffic builder and advertising choice for minor and huge size commerce. Advantages To reach target customers, connect with more than 500 million potential customers (100 million mobile users) cannot be overlooked. There are more Google searches that are being done, the customer reach for Facebook advertising is massive and needs to be utilized. Because of its ability to divide and segment customer information, Facebook has the ability to offer increased targeting for their advertisers. If you would like to only target women, ages 20-30 with a university education that live in California, then you can do that. Likewise when someone changes status such as single, engaged or married they move into new markets, making them more attractive to target. With the ability to target locally very exact, corporations and services that are looking for local or regional clients can gain benefits from the Facebook advertising system. It is to find a successful with Local Clients. Disadvantages People are using Facebook to talk with their friends and socialize and rarely are thinking about buying something when they log into their Facebook account. This creates issues when firms are focusing on click through rate (>2.5-5%) conversion rates. One thing that Facebook has continued to try and crack down on is advertising campaigns that make their way into the system that are inappropriate and off putting to users of the system. Free give ways, rewards programs and comedy sites have continued to flood the system, giving the advertising less relevance when the consumer is viewing them. Suggestion for Improvement Graphic Insert more graphic in the facebook advertisements such as animation or cartoon characters might attract the viewers even more. There are plenty of advertisers that complain about how long it takes to get Facebook advertising approved. So, two options are immediately obvious. Automate it. Hire more interns. Reaching Facebook Users Through PPC Advertisements hansdorsch Conclusion Online advertising means doing advertising activities through internet network not only at local places but also worldwide. Online advertising is very effective as nowadays many people have access to internet. They can see the advertisement when they were surfing the internet. Meanwhile, normal advertising means doing advertising through media such as television, radio, newspaper, brochures and others. Television and radio advertising can be both effective and not effective. These two advertising can be effective as many people likes to watch television and listen to the radio. These two advertising can be not effective because the advertisement that are broadcast may not be the advertisement that viewer or listener wish to know. Therefore online advertising is better than normal advertising and the best online advertising method is Facebook advertising. This is because nowadays, Facebook is a social network that connects to people around the world. Facebook had become very famous not only for teenagers and children but also adults. Some people may spend up to 12 hours a day just for Facebook. So by using Facebook advertising, Facebook users may be able to see the advertisements and click on it if they were interested.

Essay --

Abraham Lincoln was an important figure who rose from being an uneducated man, to becoming the 16th president of the United States. Abraham Lincoln is also known for his determination towards ending slavery. One of Abraham Lincoln’s political accomplishments was issuing the Emancipation Proclamation. Before his presidency, Lincoln was not that knowledgeable about the military because he never really had a proper education when he was small. However, Lincoln’s entire presidency basically took place during the war. On January 1st ,1863, President Abraham Lincoln walked into his office and spotted a document on his desk which was given the name â€Å"Emancipation Proclamation†. The Emancipation Proclamation declared freedom for the slaves in the southern states that were currently fighting against the United States. Lincoln was the one who wrote the first four pages of the original Emancipation Proclamation.He had no doubts of signing this document because he was much alerted about how important it was to be signed. As Lincoln signed this document, he stated, †I never, in my life, felt more certain that I was doing right than I do in signing this paper.† Lincoln’s main goal during his presidency was to keep the United States unified. When word got out in the newspapers that the Proclamation was signed,everyone was excited.Henry Turner, a church minister who waited with a crowd of people at a newspaper office, described what he witnessed when everyone read the paper. He stated that â€Å"When people saw me coming with the paper in my hand, they raised a shouting cheer †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ I started to read the proclamation [but ] I was out of breath and could not read. Mr. Hinton to whom I handed the paper read it with great force and clearness†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Men... ...h amendment banned slavery in any place in the United States.So,everyone had freedom.The fourteenth amendment in 1868 made it legal deny any citizen’s life,liberty, or property unless the law allowed it . Also,this amendment stated that every citizen has equal security under the law. And finally, the fifteenth amendment stated that it was against the law to forbid any one’s rights to vote due to their race, color or previous enslavement . All in all, The Emancipation Proclamation was the first step towards freedom. Abraham Lincoln certainly played a big role in letting the United States a slave free environment. Lincoln was a very determined man who believe that slavery was wrong. All of his determination paid off when congress passed three amendments to make sure of the rights of the African Americans. Lincoln is a dynamic figure who was constantly persistent.

Outline How Material Things on City Road Favour the Activities

Material things on city road favour the activities of some groups of people over others. I have outlined three specific things on city road that I will be talking about and the different groups of people if favours over others. Firstly there is the Auto trader newsagents, it first opened its doors in the 1930's and has been a family run business since then, and there is the Taste buds cafe, which is the longest established cafe. Also the Macintosh centre.The Auto trader newsagents first opened its doors in the 1930's it is a family run business and the present owner has been working there since 1965, and before that his father ran the newsagents. The shop will favour people shopping for general every day items, also people from the local area who know its there and wanting to keep small local businesses alive. It wouldn't favour people who were on low incomes as there is a Tesco that has opened just 2 blocks away. This has not helped the business of the newsagents and has lowered the sales. 5 years ago a Spar shop opened up close to the Auto trader but that didn't make much difference to the shop. There are not many children in this area and those who do shop here don't seem to use traditional toys. (the street, 2009, scene 3 ) The ethnic minority would not be favoured with this local shop as it wouldn't sell the specific food groups that they may be looking for, also families and students who would be looking for cheaper alternative to local products.The Taste buds cafe is the longest established cafe on City road, they cater for lots of different tastes so will favour people from all different backgrounds. They specially cater for old people, they do this by keeping their prices low and creating a safe environment and providing a community centre. Making and repairing a society through creating a scene of community. (the street, 2009, scene 3 ) This would also favour families with and people in a lower income, but wouldn't favour people without a disposable i ncome as its not a nessisty.They serve Spanish, Greek, English curry's and mousaka. So this would favour people who would want to try different food groups. It favours old people who go their for the community feel, the feeling if safety and security, the elderly like come in to meet up with their friends and talk to the staff who make them feel welcome. There is also the Macintosh centre on city road, which is a locally run sports centre, it was a family home for the Richards hen the Makintoshes and was farm land before being developed into a sports centre. It is the bringing people from outside the area into City road but its making the locals feel unwelcome with its expensive look. So its not favouring the locals with the expensive look of the building outside so its creating a divide between the locals and the outside world. So from that it will favour families and children on a higher income. But wouldn't favour people of a lower income, students and people from the local area. The Macintosh centre are trying to change this perception with local advertising. On a Saturday this all changes as the mackintosh centre changes into a local farmers market, this favours locals, students and families. It also favours people looking to keep things local, fresh and additive free. I moved here a few months ago to begin my studies at Cardiff, for me it offers a way of life I want to support. ( the street, 2009, scene 7)

Idea of Critical Thinking

Idea of Critical Thinking The world is paining through a troublesome era. While a few are stubbornly fighting against the nearly intangible enemy that is terrorism, others are suffering. The question is whom should we trust, and who is doing the right thing? What about George W. Bush and his greedy friends? To be well-informed and capable of holding our own opinion in the middle of all this mischief comes down to one essential quality: critical thinking.Sometimes, we receive faulty or biased information. Thus, there needs to be a filter in our thinking that stops this bad information from affecting our judgment towards a manipulated opinion. To me, that filter is the essence of critical thinking. With the help of the knowledge and understanding of fallacies, someone is well-armed to overcome prejudice, illogic deductions and biased information. Critical thinking is to seek all the viewpoints of a given problem before coming to a conclusion.English: There are no symbols that represent skept...It is to require the original sources before assuming the truth of a statement or fact. Also, it consists of separating our immediate feelings from our thinking, in a way that will keep our reasoning to pure logic. Take for example the news media. In TV shows like 'Cops' and most crime news coverage, it has been proven that Africans Americans are seen as outlaws far more often than any other ethnicity. From seeing a majority of criminals being African American on television, people with weak critical thinking may falsely deduct that all of them are evil. The reasoning goes as follows: criminals are evil and most African Americans are criminals, so most African Americans are evil. A person with stronger critical thinking will be able to see the big picture, thus being conscious that not all criminals are Africans Americans and not all African Americans are criminals.In another perspective, creative thinking is an essential quality for good argumentation. It defines whether a statement is logical or i llogical. Sometimes, people tend to use easy arguments, which are nearly impossible to respond to, but that are not funded and illogical. Someone armed with a good sense of critical thinking will be able to use those statements as an asset. Take the example of the exploitation of the poor due to world trade. Someone with weak critical thinking may say: corporations exploit the poor countries and world trade is ruled by corporations, so world trade exploits the poor countries. An opponent with strong critical thinking may simply break the first premise by saying that some corporations exploit the poor countries while others are very human and offer great opportunities to workers from all over the world. Making a deduction from this would mean that world trade offers great opportunities, but once again this is an incomplete fallacy, since some corporations do exploit the poor countries.Finally, I think that being a critical thinker has a sense of self-discipline. People who think in a critical way seek the truth and expect more from themselves, so in my opinion they are the ones who tend to reach higher. Choosing the easy way just because it has no immediate consequences shows no critical thinking at all. On the other hand, to challenge ourselves constantly and be true to our goals is the best way to become a critical thinker. Critical thinking is more than knowing about fallacies; it's a philosophy and an attitude.